Stairways and paths were cut into the cliff face to provide access to the dwellings as well as the mesa above. Ladders were also used for access and could be pulled up to prevent attacks or intrusion.
The Cliff Dwellings are ruins of an abandoned pueblo on Santa Clara Pueblo land. They were home to as many as 1500 pueblo indians between 900 and 1580 AD. Dwellings were carved out of soft volcanic rock. Rooms were carved into the face of the cliff using stone or wooden tools. Additional dwellings are found on the mesa plateau.